Ratchet-drill



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. BEALS.

RATOHET DRILL.

Patented 001;. 11, 1887.

ATTORNEYS (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. BEALS.

RATOHET DRILL. No. 371,407. Patented Oct. 11,1887.

4 TTOHNE YS (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. BEALS.

RATGHET DRILL. No. 3 1E107. Patggjed Oct. 11, 1887.

IHI "II II t W/TNESSES //v1 /vr0/? ATTORNEYS NITED STATES PATENT lrricis.

EBENEZER BEALS, OF NORWICH, NE? YORK.

RATCHET-DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 3 1,407, dated Qotcber11, 1887.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, EBENEZER BEALS, a citizen of the United States,residingin Norwich, county of Ghenango, State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Ratchet-Drills, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to a drill whose rotary movement is derived from apawl or ratchet mechanism actuated by the ordinary operatinglever havinga back-and-forth or intermittent movement, the pawl engaging the teethof the ratchet when the operatinglever is pushed in one direction andslipping over the teeth when drawn backward.

My particular invention consists in a mechanism for feeding the drillautomatically, the amount of said I feed corresponding exactly with theextent of the throw and the direct throw of the operating-leverimmediately preceding the feeding operation.

My invention is what I term a differential feed, inasmuch as itautomatically adjusts itself to the varying extent of the throw of theoperating-lever, as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

Myinvention consists, also, in theparticular mechanism for carrying theabove principle into effect, and is formed preferably of two concentricratchet-wheels whose peripheries are co-extensive, the saidratchet-wheels being located preferably one above the other. One ofthese ratchet-wheels is the feed-wheel and the other is theoperating-wheel. The feedwheel is provided with a certain number ofteeth, (in the present case I have shown nineteen,) while theoperating-wheel is provided with one more tooth than the feed-wheel, andin the present case twenty of such teeth are shown upon saidoperating-levers. The pawl which is pivoted to the operating-lever is ofsufficient breadth to engage with the teeth of both wheels, so that onthe backward movementit will move over the edge of both ratchetwheels,and in the direct thrust it will engage with the teeth of both wheels.The pawl,

however, will not engage with both wheels simultaneously, for the reasonthat the differentiation in the number of the teeth is such that therewill be only one point where the teeth exactly correspond, this pointbeing a place where the pawl is occupied during the l latter part of thedirect thrust.

Vhen the operating lever carrying the pawl is thrown backward, the pawlwill ride over the faces of the teeth, and presumably from one-quarterto one-third of the circumference of the ratchet wheels, (that being theordinary movement,) to which point, when the direct movement takesplace, the pawl will drop first behind the tooth and the ratchet-wheelconnected with the feed. The slight additional movement will bring thepawl,carrying the feed-wheel with it, to the first tooth of theoperating ratchetwhecl. From this point forward all the parts will turntogether. It will be thus seen that the feed operation is performedautomatically at the commencement of every stroke and that the amount ofsaid feed depends upon the length of the stroke.

1 will now proceed to describe my invention in relation to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the preferred form of my invention. Fig. 2 isa side elevation, partly in section. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar viewsshowing my improved ratchet-drill with a modified form of ratchet-wheelsand pawls. Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views of the pawl and ratchets. Fig.7 is a detail view of a sleeve which holds the feed-ratchet wheel. Fig.Sis a detail view of the sleeve holding the operating-ratchet wheel.Fig. 9 is a modified form.

1 is the handle or levcr,having a ring at one end, with the flange 2,which rests on the ratchet, and internal screw threads, 3, into whichscrews the ring 4,which holds the handle against upward movement.

5 is the pawl,pivoted at 6 to the handle and held normally in contactwith the ratchets 7 8, the former having the greater number of teeth andbeing the feeding-ratchet, while the other is the drillingratchet, theybeing socured, respectively, to the sleeve 9 and the drillstock 10. r

The pawl and ratchet shown in the first two views of the drawings arecapable of operation in both directions. The ratchets are squaretoothed,the pawl being double or having prongs, one of which is held normally incontact with the ratchets by a pin, 18, which is pressed forward againstthe cam 11 by a spring, 13.

In the upper end, 11, of the bitstock 10 works a screw, 13, having atenon at its lower end and a key seat or groove, 15, which extendsthroughout its entire length. At the lower extremity of the internalscrew-thread in the piece 11 are shoulders, between which the tenon '14passes, and against which the screw 13 abuts, thus limiting its downwardmotion.

The sleeve 9,which receives the upper end, 11, of the stock 10, has afeather or key, 17, which works in the groove 15 in the feed screw 13,and thus causes the latter to revolve in unison with it.

From the description thus far given it will be readily seen that whenthe pawl is caused to engage the teeth the sleeve 9 will be revolvedslightly in advance of the bit-stock by reason of the teeth of theratchet 7 always being a little in the rear of those of the ratchet 8.The drill, having its bite in the material, will of course offer agreater resistance than the conical bearing-point 19, and heneeit willnot be revolved by ratchet 7. By revolving the sleeve 9 the screw 13 islikewise caused to revolve in the piece 11 by virtue of the attachments15 17, and thus produce the feed by screwing upward and lengthening thedistance between the point of thedrill and the point 19. In the formshown in Fig. 9 I deviate a little from the others,in that I use aspur-wheel, 20, which engages with both of the ratchets 7 8, the formerratchet having its teeth closer together than the latter, which is notshown in the drawings. The pawl5 in this instance engages with thespur-wheel 20. The opera tion of this devieeis identical with that justdescribed.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as newtherein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a ratchet-drill, the combination, with the operating and feedingratchets, of asingle pawl for engaging with said ratchets, whereby thefeed produced is proportionate with the length of the stroke.

2. In a ratchet-drill, the combination of the feed-ratchet and theworking-ratchet, having a greater nu mber of teeth than thefeed-ratchet, and a single pawl for engaging said ratchet-s,

whereby the feed isproduced while the drill is at rest.

3. A ratchet-drill provided with a ratchet- I ing-sleeve, whereby theywill operate diiferentially, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a ratchet-drill, the combination of the operating sleeve connectedto the'drill, provided with a ratchet-wheel having a certain number ofteeth, with a second sleeve connected to the feed and having aratchet-wheel with one less number of teeth, and a feedscrew locatedwithin an operating sleeve and having a recess extending in thedirection of its length, and a lug formed upon a feed-sleeve whichtravels in said recess and operates the feed-screw, substantially asshown and deseribed.

6. In a ratchet drill, the combination of the operating-lever providedwith a double pawl, for the purposes described,and the operatingsleev'eprovided with aratchet-havinga certain number of teeth, with afeedsleeve, also provided with a ratchet having one less numberot' teeththan the other, the teeth upon the feedsleeve having broader faces thanthose of the operating sleeve, as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In a ratchet-drill, the combination of the feed'screw and ratchettherefor and the drill EBENEZER BEALS.

Witnesses:

HERBERT KNIGHT,

H. H. Peru.

